от Добромир Глухаров » 11 Дек 2015, 17:20
$f(x)=\begin{cases}-x,-\pi<x<0\\\ \ \ 0,\ \ \ 0<x<\pi\end{cases}$
$f(x)=\frac{1}{2}a_0+\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}(a_kcoskx+b_ksinkx)$
$a_k=\frac{1}{\pi}\int\limits_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)coskxdx=\frac{1}{\pi}\int\limits_{-\pi}^{0}(-x)coskxdx=\frac{1}{k\pi}\int\limits_{0}^{-\pi}xcoskxd(kx)=\frac{1}{k\pi}\int\limits_{0}^{-\pi}xdsinkx=\frac{1}{k\pi}\left(xsinkx|_0^{-\pi}-\int\limits_{0}^{-\pi}sinkxdx\right)=-\frac{1}{k^2\pi}\int\limits_{0}^{-\pi}sinkxd(kx)=\frac{1}{k^2\pi}cos(kx)|_0^{-\pi}=\frac{(-1)^k-1}{k^2\pi}$
$b_k=\frac{1}{\pi}\int\limits_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)sinkxdx=\frac{1}{k\pi}\int\limits_{-\pi}^{0}(-x)sin(kx)d(kx)=\frac{1}{k\pi}\int\limits_{-\pi}^{0}xdcos(kx)=\frac{1}{k\pi}\left(xcos(kx)|_{-\pi}^0-\int\limits_{-\pi}^0coskxdx\right)=\frac{1}{k\pi}\left(\pi.(-1)^k-\frac{1}{k}\int\limits_{-\pi}^0dsin(kx)\right)=\frac{1}{k\pi}\left(\pi.(-1)^k-\frac{1}{k}.(0)\right)=\frac{(-1)^k}{k}$
$f(x)=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{(-1)^k-1}{k^2\pi}\cdot coskx+\frac{(-1)^k}{k}\cdot sinkx\right)=-\frac{2}{\pi}cosx-sinx+\frac{1}{2}sin2x-\frac{2}{9\pi}cos3x-\frac{1}{3}sin3x+\frac{1}{4}sin4x-\frac{2}{25\pi}cos5x-\frac{1}{5}sin5x+\frac{1}{6}sin6x-\cdots$